The enzymatic machinery to partially oxidize glucose without the help of oxygen is present in:
1. All living organisms
2. All prokaryotes only
3. Prokaryotes and obligate anaerobes only
4. Facultative and obligate anaerobes only
| I: | ATP is utilised at two steps: first in the conversion of glucose into glucose 6-phosphate and second in the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate. |
| II: | ATP is produced at two steps: first in the conversion of BPGA to 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA), and second during the conversion of PEP to pyruvic acid. |
| I: | It occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. |
| II: | It links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. |
| III: | Two oxygen molecules are given off from glucose. |
| IV: | Four NADH molecules are formed from the reaction. |
| A: | ER |
| B: | Golgi apparatus |
| C: | Mitochondria |
| D: | Chloroplasts |
| I: | \(\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} → 2~ \text {pyruate} + \text{X} \text {ATP}\) |
| II: | \(\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} → 2~ \text {lactate} + \mathrm{X} \text {ATP}\) |
| III: | \(\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} → 2~ \text {alcohol} + 2 \mathrm{CO_2}+\mathrm{X} \text {ATP}\) |
What is the metabolic fate of pyruvate?
1. It is the end product of glycolytic pathway
2. It is reduced to acetyl CoA in the presence of oxygen
3. It depends on the cellular needs
4. It is decarboxylated in the cytosol
| 1. | fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate is split into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) |
| 2. | 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) is converted to 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPGA) |
| 3. | BPGA is converted to 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) |
| 4. | PEP is converted to pyruvic acid |
| Statement I: | ATP formation by glycolysis requires oxygen |
| Statement II: | ATP can be formed through substrate-level phosphorylation and this process requires a high-energy phosphate group that is transferred directly to ADP. |