Which of the following explains the primary cause of lanthanoid contraction?

1. Greater shielding of 5d electrons by 4f electrons. 
2. Poor shielding of 5d electrons by 4f electrons.
3. Effective shielding of one of the 4f electrons by another in the sub-shell.
4. Poor shielding of one 4f electron by another within the sub-shell.

Subtopic:  Lanthanoid & Actinoids Contraction |
Level 3: 35%-60%
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Which of the following lanthanoids do not form MO2 [where M is a lanthanoid metal]?

1. Pr

2. Dy

3. Nd

4. Yb

Subtopic:  Lanthanoid & Actinoids Contraction |
 69%
Level 2: 60%+
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