| A: | For plants, herbivores are the predators. |
| B: | A wide variety of chemical substances (nicotine, caffeine, quinine, strychnine, opium, etc.,) are produced by plants actually as defences against grazers and browsers. |
| 1. | By manually removing the cactus from rangelands |
| 2. | By using chemical herbicides extensively |
| 3. | By altering soil composition to prevent its growth |
| 4. | By introducing a cactus-feeding moth from its natural habitat |
Select the incorrect match with respect to interspecific interaction
Species A Species B Interaction
(1) + + Mutualism
(2) + - Parasitism
(3) + + Commensalism
(4) + - Predation
| 1. | it accumulates TMAO as an osmolyte. |
| 2. | it accumulates silica on its wings. |
| 3. | the butterfly acquires a chemical during its caterpillar stage by feeding on a poisonous weed. |
| 4. | it is covered with toxin mucilage. |
| 1. | It had abundant pollinators. |
| 2. | The soil was extremely nutrient-rich. |
| 3. | It faced no natural predators in the new habitat. |
| 4. | It reproduced only vegetatively. |
Identify the A, B, C and D in the given table
|
Interaction |
Effects on species X |
Effects on species Y |
|
Mutualism |
A |
(+) |
|
B |
(+) |
(-) |
|
Competition |
(-) |
C |
|
D |
(-) |
0 |
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
|
|
1. |
(+) |
Parasitism |
(-) |
Amensalism |
|
2. |
(-) |
Mutualism |
(+) |
Competition |
|
3. |
(+) |
Competition |
(0) |
Mutalism |
|
4. |
(0) |
Holard |
(+) |
Parasitism |
| 1. | Prey populations stabilise at a higher level due to compensatory reproduction. |
| 2. | Predator populations increase indefinitely as food availability rises. |
| 3. | Prey may go extinct, followed by predator extinction due to lack of food, destabilising the community. |
| 4. | Predator species shift to photosynthesis to survive low prey densities. |
| Assertion (A): | Plants are more affected by their predators compared to animals. |
| Reason (R): | Plants cannot run away from their predators while animals can. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True, but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False, but (R) is True. |