Identify the correct statement:
A:  For plants, herbivores are the predators.
B:  A wide variety of chemical substances (nicotine, caffeine, quinine, strychnine, opium, etc.,) are produced by plants actually as defences against grazers and browsers.

1. Only A is correct
2. Only B is correct
3. Both A and B are correct
4. Both A and B are incorrect
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
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How was the invasive prickly pear cactus controlled in Australia?
1. By manually removing the cactus from rangelands
2. By using chemical herbicides extensively
3. By altering soil composition to prevent its growth
4. By introducing a cactus-feeding moth from its natural habitat

 
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
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Predator/prey and parasite/host relationships are show as:
1. + / +
2. + / –
3. – / 0
4. – / –
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation | Population Interactions: Parasitism |
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Select the incorrect match with respect to interspecific interaction

      Species A          Species B            Interaction

(1)       +                      +                     Mutualism

(2)       +                      -                      Parasitism

(3)       +                      +                     Commensalism

(4)       +                      -                      Predation

Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Competition | Population Interactions: Predation | Population Interactions: Parasitism | Population Interactions: Commensalism, Protocooperation & Mutualism |
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The Monarch butterfly is highly distasteful to its predator (bird) because:
1. it accumulates TMAO as an osmolyte.
2. it accumulates silica on its wings.
3. the butterfly acquires a chemical during its caterpillar stage by feeding on a poisonous weed.
4. it is covered with toxin mucilage.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
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Which of the following defences is used by plants to protect against herbivores?
1. Mimicry
2. High mobility to escape predators
3. Morphological defences like thorns
4. Rapid reproduction rates
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
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Why was the prickly pear cactus able to spread rapidly in Australia in the 1920s?
1. It had abundant pollinators.
2. The soil was extremely nutrient-rich.
3. It faced no natural predators in the new habitat.
4. It reproduced only vegetatively.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
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Identify the A, B, C and D in the given table

Interaction

Effects on species X

Effects on species Y

Mutualism

A

(+)

B

(+)

(-)

Competition

(-)

C

D

(-)

0

 

A

B

C

D

1.

(+)

Parasitism

(-)

Amensalism

2.

(-)

Mutualism

(+)

Competition

3.

(+)

Competition

(0)

Mutalism

4.

(0)

Holard

(+)

Parasitism

Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Competition | Population Interactions: Predation | Population Interactions: Commensalism, Protocooperation & Mutualism |
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Which outcome best represents the ecological problem that would arise if predators consistently consumed prey at a rate exceeding the prey’s capacity for recovery?
1. Prey populations stabilise at a higher level due to compensatory reproduction.
2. Predator populations increase indefinitely as food availability rises.
3. Prey may go extinct, followed by predator extinction due to lack of food, destabilising the community.
4. Predator species shift to photosynthesis to survive low prey densities.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
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Assertion (A): Plants are more affected by their predators compared to animals.
Reason (R): Plants cannot run away from their predators while animals can.

Choices for Assertions and reasons:
1. Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are True, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is True, but (R) is False.
4. (A) is False, but (R) is True.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
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Level 1: 80%+
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