| I: | Ori controls the copy number of DNA per cell | 
| II: | Multiple cloning sites are recognition sequences of common restriction enzymes | 
| III: | Genes for antibiotic resistance are used as selectable markers | 
| 1. | Only I and II are correct | 
| 2. | Only I and III are correct | 
| 3. | Only II and III are correct | 
| 4. | I, II, and III are correct | 
| I: | Plasmid can be used as a vector in recombinant DNA technology experiments. | 
| II: | Plasmid is an extrachromosomal, circular, double-stranded DNA found in some bacteria. | 
| 1. | Both I and II are correct and II explains I | 
| 2. | Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I | 
| 3. | I is correct but II is incorrect | 
| 4. | Both I and II are incorrect | 
| Assertion (A): | It is desirable to use restriction enzymes that make asymmetrical cuts in construction of rDNA molecules. | 
| Reason (R): | Formation of asymmetrical cuts facilitates the function of DNA ligase. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). | 
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are False. | 
| 4. | (A) is True, (R) is False. | 
| I: | They cleave dsDNA into fragments at specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. | 
| II: | These enzymes are found in bacteria and provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses. | 
| Assertion (A): | Restriction enzymes are found in bacteria and provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses. | 
| Reason (R): | They interact with membranes of the host bacterial cells and remove all the receptor sites by the viruses. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True; (R) is False | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False | 
| Assertion(A): | Any piece of DNA when linked to Ori sequence of a suitable vector can be made to replicate within the host cells. | 
| Reason (R): | Ori sequence is responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True; (R) is False | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False | 
| 1. | Cleaving of phosphodiester bond in DNA by the enzyme | 
| 2. | Cutting of DNA at specific position only | 
| 3. | Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage by the host bacteria | 
| 4. | All of the above | 
| Assertion (A): | One antibiotic resistance gene of vector pBR322 helps in selecting the transformants and the other one in selecting recombinants. | 
| Reason (R): | The non-recombinants can grow on both antibiotic-rich media while the recombinants grow only on single medium due to insertional inactivation. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. | 
| Assertion: (A) | We cannot see pure DNA fragments in the visible light under microscope. | 
| Reason: (R) | The DNA fragments separate according to their shape only and are too small to be seen in the gel electrophoresis. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) is the correct explanation of the (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) is not the correct explanation of the (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. | 
| 1. | Origin of replication, a selectable marker, and a resistance gene | 
| 2. | Origin of replication, a selectable marker, and a foreign DNA insert | 
| 3. | A gene for replication, a selectable marker, and an antibiotic resistance gene | 
| 4. | Origin of replication, a high copy number, and an antibiotic resistance gene |