| I: | Opposable thumbs in primates and giant pandas. | 
| II: | Eye of cephalopods and vertebrates. | 
| 1. | Recapitulation theory | 2. | Baer’s law | 
| 3. | Descent with modification | 4. | Punctuated equilibrium | 
| 1. | Hoolock Gibbon | 2. | Orangutan | 
| 3. | Gorilla | 4. | Chimpanzee | 
| 1. | Darwin did not believe in the inheritance of acquired traits while Hugo de Vries did. | 
| 2. | Evolution for Darwin was gradual while Hugo de Vries believed mutation caused speciation. | 
| 3. | Evolution for Darwin was a stochastic process and for Hugo de Vries was a determinist process. | 
| 4. | Fitness for Darwin was reproductive fitness and for Hugo de Vries was physical fitness. | 
| 1. | Mammals only | 
| 2. | Mammals and Birds | 
| 3. | Dinosaurs, Crocodiles and Birds | 
| 4. | Turtles, Lizards, Snakes and Tuataras | 
| 1. | Carboniferous | 2. | Permian | 
| 3. | Triassic | 4. | Jurassic |